ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Bibliography

The speakers listed above identified the following key references in developing their presentations for the consensus conference. A more complete bibliography prepared by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at NIH, along with the references below, was provided to the consensus panel for their consideration. The full NLM bibliography is available at the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/adhd.html.

OVERVIEW AND INTRODUCTION

Conners CK, Erhardt D.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: clinical formulation and treatment. Hersen M, Bellack A, editors. New York: Elsevier Science; 1998.

Goldman LS, Genel M, Bezman RJ, Slanetz PJ.
Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. JAMA 1998; 279:1100-7.

Richters JE, Arnold LE, Jensen PS, Abikoff H, Conners CK, Greenhill LL, et al.
NIMH collaborative multisite multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD: I. Background and rationale. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34:987-1000.

Weiss G, Hechtman L.
Hyperactive children grown up: ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. New York: Guilford; 1993.

ADHD AS A DISORDER IN CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS

Applegate B, Lahey BB, Hart EL, Biederman J, Hynd GW, Barkley RA, et al.
Validity of the age-of-onset criterion for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a report from the DSM-IV field trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36:1211-21.

Carey WB, McDevitt SC.
Coping with childrenís temperament. New York: Basic Books; 1995.

Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, March Wl, Hamburger SD, Vaituzis AC, Dickstein DP, et al.
Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53:607-16.

Diller LH.
Running on Ritalin. New York: Bantam; 1998.

Lahey BB, Applegate B, McBurnett K, Biederman J, Greenhill L, Hynd GW, et al.
DSM-IV field trials for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:1673-85.

Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Stein MA, Loney J, Trapani C, Nugent K, et al.
Validity of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for younger children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. In press.

Lahey BB, Carlson CL, Frick PJ.
Attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity: a review of research relevant to DSM-IV. In: Widiger TA, Frances AJ, Davis W, First M, editors. DSM-IV sourcebook, Vol 1. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1997.

Levine MD.
Neurodevelopmental variation and dysfunction among school children. In: Levine MD, Carey WB, Crocker AC, editors. Developmental-behavioral pediatrics. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1998.

Lou HC.
Etiology and pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): significance of prematurity and perinatal hypoxic-haemodynamic encephalopathy. Acta Paediatr 1996; 85:1266-71.

Maziade M.
Should adverse temperament matter to the clinician? An empirically based answer. In: Kohnstamm GA, Bates JE, Rothbart MK, editors. Temperament in childhood. New York: Wiley; 1989.

Oosterlaan J, Logan GD, Sergeant JA.
Response inhibition in AD/HD, CD, comorbid AD/HD+CD, anxious and control children: a meta-analysis of studies with the stop task. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1998; 39:411-26.

Pennington BF, Ozonoff S.
Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996; 37:51-87.

Seidman LJ, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Weber W, Ouellette C.
Toward defining a neuropsychology of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: performance of children and adolescents from a large clinically referred sample. J Consul and Clin Psychol 1997; 65:150-60.

Swanson JM, Sunohara GA, Kennedy JL, Regino R, Fineberg E, Wigal T, et al.
Association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene with a refined phenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a family-based approach. Mol Psychiatry 1998; 3:38-41.

Tannock R.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: advances in cognitive, neurobiological, and genetic research. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1998; 39:65-99.

Volkow ND, Ding YS, Fowler JS, Wang GJ, Logan J, Gatley JS, et al.
Is methylphenidate like cocaine? Studies on their pharmacokinetics and distribution in human brain. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:456-63.

IMPACT

Barkley RA, Fischer M, Edelbrock CS, Smallish L.
The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study. Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990; 29:546-57.

Barkley RA.
Developmental course, adult outcome, and clinic-referred ADHD adults. In: Barkley RA, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 1998.

Biederman J, Faraone SV, Spencer T, Wilens T, Norman D, Lapey KA, et al.
Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1792-8.

Biederman J, Faraone S, Milberger S, Guite J, Mick E, Chen L, et al.
A prospective 4-year follow-up study of attention-deficit hyperactivity and related disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53:437-46.

Bird H.
Epidemiology of childhood disorders in a cross-cultural context. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996; 37(1):35-49.

Bussing R, Zima BT, Belin TR, Forness SR.
Children who qualify for LD and SED programs: do they differ in level of ADHD symptoms and comorbid psychiatric conditions? J Emot Beh Disord 1998; 22:88-97.

Cocozza JJ, editor.
Responding to the mental health needs of youth in the juvenile justice system. Seattle: The National Coalition for the Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System; 1992.

Danckaerts M, Taylor EJ.
The epidemiology of childhood hyperactivity. In: Verhulst FC, Koot HM, editors. The epidemiology of child and adolescent psychopathology. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995.

DuPaul GJ, Eckert TL.
The effects of school-based interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Sch Psych Rev 1997; 26:5-27.

Forness SR, Walker HM.
Special education and children with ADD/ADHD. Mentor (OH): National Attention Deficit Disorder Association; 1994.

Greene R, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Sienna M, Garcia-Jetton J.
Adolescent outcome of boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social disability: results from a 4-year follow-up study. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997; 65:758-67.

Hinshaw SP, Melnick SM.
Peer relationships in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid aggression. Dev Psychopathol 1995; 7:627-47.

Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Stein MA, Loney J, Trapani C, Nugent K, et al.
Validity of DSM-IV attention-deficity/hyperactivity disorder for younger children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37:435-42.

Leung PW, Luk SL, Ho TP, Taylor E, Mak FL, Bacon-Shone J.
The diagnosis and prevalence of hyperactivity in Chinese schoolboys. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 168(4):486-96.

Loeber R, Farrington D, editors.
Serious and violent juvenile offenders: risk factors and successful interventions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 1998.

Mann EM, Ikeda Y, Mueller CW, Takahashi A, Tao KT, Humris E, et al.
Cross-cultural differences in rating hyperactive-disruptive behaviors in children. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149(11):1539-42.

Mannuzza S, Klein R, Bessler A, Malloy P, LaPadula M.
Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:565-76.

Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler A, Malloy P, Hynes ME.
Educational and occupational outcome of hyperactive boys grown up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36:1222-7.

Reid R, Maag JW, Vasa SF, Wright G.
Who are the children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder? A school-based survey. J Spec Ed 1994; 28:117-37.

Slomkowski C, Klein RG, Mannuzza S.
Is self-esteem an important outcome in hyperactive children? J Abnorm Child Psychol 1995; 23:303-15.

Snyder HN.
Juvenile arrests 1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; 1997.

Stahl AL.
Delinquency cases in juvenile courts, 1995. OJJDP fact sheet #79. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; 1998.

Weiss G, Hechtman LT.
Hyperactive children grown up. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 1993.

SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF TREATMENTS -- SHORT AND LONG TERM

Arnold L, Abikoff H, Cantwell D, Conners C, Elliott G, Greenhill L, et al.
NIMH collaborative multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA): design challenges and choices. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:865-70.

Biederman J, Thisted R, Greenhill L, Ryan N.
Estimation of the association between desipramine and the risk for sudden death in 5- to 14-year-old children. J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56:87-93.

Biederman J, Baldessarini RJ, Wright V, Keenan K, Faraone S.
A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of attention deficit disorder: III. Lack of impact of comorbidity and family history on clinical response. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32:199-204.

Borcherding BG, Keysor CS, Rapoport JL, Elia J, Amass J.
Motor/vocal tics and compulsive behaviors on stimulant drugs: is there a common vulnerability? Psychiatry Res 1990; 33:83-94.

Breggin PR.
Talking back to Ritalin. Monroe (ME): Common Courage Press; 1998.

Carlson CL, Pelham WE, Milich R, Dixon J.
Single and combined effects of methylphenidate and behavior therapy on the classroom performance of children with ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1992; 20:213-32.

Dunnick JK, Hailey JR.
Experimental studies on the long-term effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride. Toxicology 1995; 103:77-84.

Klein GR, Landa B, Mattes JA, et al.
Methylphenidate and growth in hyperactive children. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45:1127-30.

Goldman LS, Genel M, Bezman RJ, Slanetz PJ.
Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Council on Scientific Affairs. American Medical Association. JAMA 1998; 279:1100-7.

Hechtman L, Abikoff H.
Multimodal treatment plus stimulants vs. stimulant treatment in ADHD children: results from a two-year comparative treatment study. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; October 1995; New Orleans, Louisiana.

Hinshaw SP.
Stimulant medication and the treatment of aggression in children with attentional deficits. J Clin Child Psychol 1991; 20:301-12.

Horn WF, Ialongo NS, Pascoe JM, Greenberg G, Packard T, Lopez M, et al.
Additive effects of psychostimulants, parent training, and self-control therapy with ADHD children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991; 30:233-40.

Jensen PJ, Abikoff H.
Tailoring treatment interventions for individuals with ADDs. In: Brown T, editor. Attention deficit disorders and comorbidities in children, adolescents, and adults. American Psychiatric Press. In press.

Klein RG, Abikoff H.
Behavior therapy and methylphenidate in the treatment of children with ADHD. J Attention Disord 1997; 2:89-114.

Klein RG, Abikoff H, Klass E, Ganeles D, Seese LM, Pollack S.
Clinical efficacy of methylphenidate in conduct disorder with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:1073-80.

Marotta PJ, Roberts EA.
Pemoline hepatotoxicity in children. J Pediatr 1998; 132:894-7.

McMaster University Evidence-Based Practice Center.
The treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an evidence report. Contract no. 290-97-0017. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1998.

Melega WP, Raleigh MJ, Stout DB, Lacan G, Huang SC, Phelps ME.
Recovery of striatal dopamine function after acute amphetamine- and methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in the vervet monkey. Brain Res 1997; 766:113-20.

Nasrallah H, Loney J, Olson S, McCalley-Whitters M, Kramer J, Jacoby C.
Cortical atrophy in young adults with a history of hyperactivity in childhood. Psychiatry Res 1986; 17:241-6.

Pelham WE, Wheeler T, Chronis A.
Empirically supported psychosocial treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Child Psychol 1998; 27:189-204.

Pelham WE,Murphy HA.
Attention deficit and conduct disorder. In: Hersen M, editor. Pharmacological and behavioral treatment: an integrative approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1986. p. 108-48.

Pelham WE, Hoza B.
Intensive treatment: a summer treatment program for children with ADHD. In: Hibbs E, Jensen P, editors. Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders: empirically based strategies for clinical practice. New York: APA Press; 1996. p. 311-40.

Pliszka S.
Effect of anxiety on cognition, behavior, and stimulant response in ADHD. J Amer Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989; 28:882-7.

Safer DJ, Zito JM, Fine EM.
Increased methylphenidate usage for attention deficit disorder in the 1990s. Pediatrics 1996; 98:1084-8.

Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T, Harding M, OíDonnell D, Griffin S.
Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder across the life cycle. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35:409-32.

Swanson JM, Flockhart D, Udrea D, Cantwell DP, Connor DF, Williams L.
Clonidine in the treatment of ADHD: questions about safety and efficacy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1995; 5:301-4.

Wilens TE, Biederman J.
Stimulants. In: Schaffer D, editor. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1992. p. 191-222.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE RISKS OF STIMULANT TREATMENTS

Beck L, Langford W, MacKay M, Sum G.
Childhood chemotherapy and later drug abuse and growth curve: a follow-up study of 30 adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1975; 132:436-8.

Biederman J, Wilens TE, Mick E, Milberger S, Spencer TJ, Faraone SV.
Psychoactive substance use disorders in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): effects of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1652-8.

Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ.
History and significance of childhood attention deficit disorder in treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Compr Psychiatry 1993; 34:75-82.

Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control.
Methylphenidate review: eight factor analysis. Washington (DC); 1995.

Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control.
Conference report: stimulant use in the treatment of ADHD. Washington (DC); 1996.

Gaytan O, al-Rahim S, Swann A, Dafny N.
Sensitization to locomotor effects of methylphenidate in the rat. Life Sci 1997; 61:101-7.

Hartsough CS, Lambert NM.
Pattern and progression of drug use among hyperactives and controls: a prospective short-term longitudinal study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1987; 28:543-53.

Hechtman L.
Adolescent outcome of hyperactive children treated with stimulants in childhood: a review. Psychopharmacol Bull 1985; 21:178-91.

Herrero ME, Hechtman L, Weiss G.
Antisocial disorders in hyperactive subjects from childhood to adulthood: predictive factors and characterization of subgroups. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1994; 64:510-21.

Jaffe SL.
Intranasal abuse of prescribed methylphenidate by an alcohol and drug abusing adolescent with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991; 30:773-5.

Klein RG, Mannuzza S.
The importance of childhood hyperactivity in the development of substance use disorders. In: Bailly D, editor. Addictions et Psychiatrie. Paris (France): Editions Masson. In press.

Kramer J, Loney J.
Childhood hyperactivity and substance abuse: a review of the literature. In: Gadow KD, Bialer I, editors. Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities. Greenwich (CT): Jai Press; 1982.

Lambert NM, Hartsough CS.
Prospective study of tobacco smoking and substance dependence among samples of ADHD and non-ADHD subjects. J Learn Disabil 1998; 31:533-44.

Lambert NM, Sandoval J, Sassone D.
Prevalence of hyperactivity in elementary school children as a function of social system definers. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1978; 48:446-63.

Lambert NM.
Adolescent outcomes for hyperactive children: perspectives on general and specific patterns of childhood risk for adolescent educational, social, and mental health problems. Am Psychol 1988; 43:786-99.

Lambert NM, Hartsough CS, Sandoval J.
Childrenís attention and adjustment survey -- home and school versions. Circle Pines (MN): American Guidance Service; 1990.

Levin FR, Kleber HD.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: relationships and implications for treatment. Harv Rev Psychiatry 1995; 2:246-58.

Loney J, Kramer J, Salisbury H.
Medicated vs. unmedicated hyperactive boys as adults: attitudes toward and use of substances. Stony Brook: State University of New York; 1998.

Lynskey MT, Fergusson DM.
Childhood conduct problems, attention deficit behaviors, and adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1995; 23:281-302.

McDougall SA, Duke MA, Bolanos CA, Crawford CA.
Ontogeny of behavioral sensitization in the rat: effects of direct and indirect dopamine agonists. Psychopharmacology 1994; 116:483-90.

Milberger S, Biederman J, Faraone S, Chen L, Jones J.
ADHD is associated with early initiation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36:37-43.

Piazza PV, Deroche V, Rouge-Pont F, Le Moal M.
Behavioral and biological factors associated with individual vulnerability to psychostimulant abuse. NIDA monograph #169. National Institutes of Health, Laboratory Behavioral Studies of Vulnerability to Drug Abuse; 1997. p. 105-33.

Pierce RC, Kalivas PW.
A circuitry model of the expression of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine-like psychostimulants. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1997; 25:192-216.

Post RM.
Intermittent versus continuous stimulation: effect of time interval on the development of sensitization or tolerance. Life Sci 1980; 26:1275-82.

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(E/INCB/1996/1)

Wilens TE, Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV, Spencer T.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with early onset substance use disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997; 185:475-82.

EXISTING PRACTICES AND BARRIERS REGARDING ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT

Costello EJ, Edelbrock C, Costello AJ, Dulcan MK, Barne BJ, Brent, D.
Psychopathology in pediatric primary care: the new hidden morbidity. Pediatrics 1988; 81:415-24.

Diller LH.
The run on Ritalin: attention deficit disorder and stimulant treatment in the 1990ís. Hastings Cent Rep 1996; 26:12.

Horwitz SM, Leaf PJ, Leventhal JM, Forsyth B, Speechley KN.
Identification and management of psychosocial and developmental problems in community-based primary care pediatric practices. Pediatrics 1992; 89:480-5.

Jensen PS, Kettle L, Roper MT, Sloan MT, Dulcan MK, Hoven CW, et al.
Are stimulants over-prescribed? Treatment of ADHD in four U.S. communities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. In press.

Kelleher KJ, Childs GE, Wasserman RC, McInerny TK, Nutting PA, Gardner WP.
Insurance status and recognition of psychosocial problems: a report from pediatric research in office settings and the ambulatory sentinel practice networks. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151:1109-15.

Knapp M.
Economic evaluations and interventions for children and adolescents with mental health problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1997; 38(1):3-25.

Leaf PJ, Alegria M, Cohen P, Goodman SH, Horwitz SM, Hoven CW, et al.
Mental health service use in the community and schools: results from the four-community MECA study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35:889-97.

Offord DR, Boyle MH, Szatmari P, Rae-Grant NI, Links PS, Cadman DT, et al.
Ontario Child Health Study. II. Six-month prevalence of disorder and rates of service utilization. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44:832-6.

Rappley MD, Gardiner JC, Jetton JR, Houang RT.
The use of methylphenidate in Michigan. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149:675-9.

Wolraich ML, Hannah JN, Pinnock TY, Baumgaertel A, Brown J.
Comparison of diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a county-wide sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35:319-24.

Wolraich ML, Lindgren S, Stromquist A, Milich R, Davis C, Watson D.
Stimulant medication use by primary care physicians in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 1990; 86:95-101.